Acute Toxicity of Mixtures of Range Management Herbicides to Cutthroat Trout

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Abstract
Six different paired mixtures of dicambia, picloram, 2,4-D butyl ester, 2,4-D isooctyl ester and 2,4-D propylene glycol butyl ether ester were tested with cutthroat trout (S. clarki). Except for 2,4-D isooctyl ester, the LC50 resulting from mixtures of 2,4-D esters and picloram were lower than LC50 of those herbicides tested individually. Dicamba and 2,4-D isooctyl ester were the least toxic individually and mixtures of dicamba or 2,4-D isooctyl ester with the other herbicides did not result in increased toxicity. Combination exposures should be used in determining the biological significance of the simultaneous occurrence of 1 herbicide in surface waters.

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