Multiparametric classification of muscle T 1, and T 2 relaxation times determined by magnetic resonance imaging. The effects of dynamic exercise in trained and untrained subjects

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Abstract
Muscle relaxation times can now be measured accurately with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), distinguishing working muscles from non-working muscles. A correlation between T2 increase and work intensity has been shown in healthy volunteers. The small amount of data on T1 relaxation times is contradictory. In addition, all the published studies have concerned short-duration exercise in subjects of unknown training level. The goals of this study were (i) to determine T1 and T2 variations in thigh muscles after long dynamic exercise, (ii) to analyse the effects of training and (iii) to determine the relationship between power output and relaxation times after exercise. Sedentary men, soccer players and tri-athletes performed submaximal dynamic exercise at a constant heart rate for 15 min. MRI was performed before and 5 min after the end of exercise. The results showed (i) that T1 increased in parallel to T2 in anterior thigh muscles and (ii) that multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical ascending classification can discriminate three subjects classes according to power output, training level and relaxation times, which fitted well with our three groups of subjects.