A technique of two‐stage clustering applied to environmental and civil engineering and related methods of citation analysis

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Abstract
A method of two‐stage clustering of literature based on citation frequency is developed. This method enables one to cluster thousands of articles Into a simplified dendrogram by introducing a two‐stage algorithm based on a citation space whose axes are cited articles. In the first step, preliminary clusters are generated which become initial clusters in the second step. Secondly, the initial clusters are connected into a dendrogram by means of an agglomerative technique. This method is applied to 5065 articles from 52 journals in environmental and civil engineering. The data are derived from the 1977 Science Citation Index [1]. Related methods of citation analysis such as hierarchical graph, clustering of journals, and multidimensional scaling are also applied to the same set of articles. These results are compared and structures of the literature in environmental and civil engineering are discussed.

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