Some Characteristics of Long-Range Explosive Sound Propagation

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Abstract
A brief discussion given, in terms of ray theory, of the character of explosive sound which has propagated for long distances in the ocean. In addition to the arrivals previously studied, a “leakage” arrival has been observed. This arrival has been analyzed for travel time and spectrum level. The attenuation rate has been plotted as a function of frequency. The similarity of this attenuation rate to the theoretical and experimental attenuation rates for the surface channel indicates that the leakage arrival is due to energy that in part travels in the surface channel and in part is refracted.

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