Laparoscopic Esophagomyotomy for Achalasia

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Abstract
To determine whether the addition of anterior hemifundoplication to laparoscopic esophagomyotomy for achalasia yields better clinical outcomes than laparoscopic esophagomyotomy alone. Although hemifundoplication may prevent gastroesophageal reflux after esophagomyotomy for achalasia, it may also lead to persistent dysphagia in these patients with esophageal aperistalsis. This is a retrospective study of 51 consecutive patients (mean age 47.5 +/- 12.6 years) who had laparoscopic esophagomyotomy for achalasia by our group between August 1995 and January 2001. In 29 patients (57%) an anterior hemifundoplication was added to the esophagomyotomy. In 22 patients (43%), no wrap was added. Patients scored (0 = none; 1 = mild; 2 = moderate; 3 = severe) symptom severity (dysphagia, regurgitation, heartburn, chest pain) preoperatively and postoperatively. Weight gain, use of gastrointestinal (GI) medication, tolerance to food, and patient satisfaction were also assessed. Mean patient follow-up was 33 months, and there were no operative deaths. Four patients were converted to open operation (8%). The wrap and no wrap groups were similar in terms of esophageal dilation, preoperative symptom severity and duration (5.7 +/- 7.1 versus 6.1 +/- 7.0 years), and preoperative weight loss (18 +/- 15 versus 20 +/- 20 pounds). Both groups had similar improvement in symptom grade postoperatively and equivalent satisfaction rates (86%). Postoperative weight gain, GI medication use, and food intolerance was also similar. Postoperatively, patients in the wrap group did not have higher dysphagia scores or lower heartburn scores than the no wrap group. The addition of anterior hemifundoplication to esophagomyotomy for achalasia does not improve or worsen clinical results.