Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Review

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Abstract
The history of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is summarized. The adult and pediatric experiences are described, but emphasis is placed on the development of neonatal ECMO, now an accepted therapy for newborns with severe respiratory failure. The technical aspects of neonatal ECMO are outlined, as are the clinical criteria for its use. Experience at Children's Hospital National Medical Center, Washington, DC, is reported. Promising new technological developments, and their implications for future applications of neonatal ECMO, are presented.