Abstract
The frequency of post-delivery non-clostridial anaerobic infection and vaginal carriage rates of non-clostridial anaerobes were studied in 149 obstetrical patients; 79 of these patients received prophylactic metronidazole and the vaginal carriage rate was reduced from 25 to 11% during the puerperium. In contrast, the vaginal carriage rate in 70 control patients rose from 24 to 90% over the same period. Anaerobic infections developed in 2 of 70 control patients (both caesarean section deliveries) but none developed in metronidazole-treated patients.

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