Otitis media with effusion and chronic upper respiratory tract infection in children: A randomized, placebo‐controlled clinical study

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Abstract
This study was performed to investigate the course of spontaneous recovery from otitis media with effusion in children with chronic rhinosinusitis treated in various ways. One hundred forty-one children between 3 and 10 years of age were selected for the presence of chronic rhinosinusitis and unilateral or bilateral otitis media with effusion. The children were assigned at random to one of four treatment groups, i.e., placebo, amoxicillin combined with xylometazoline hydrochloride nose drops, maxillary sinus drainage, or a combination of the latter two forms of therapy. The follow-up period was 6 months. Drainage of the maxillary sinus had no effect on either the recovery of the chronic upper respiratory tract infection or otitis media with effusion. Amoxicillin combined with xylometazoline nose drops had no significant effect on recovery from the upper respiratory tract infection, but did have a small but significant effect on recovery from otitis media with effusion. However, the general tendency of the upper respiratory tract and ears to recover was poor. Persistence of the chronic upper respiratory tract infection during the follow-up period proved to be a negative prognostic factor with respect to cure of otitis media with effusion. Children with chronic rhinosinusitis as defined in this study appear to have a high risk of developing chronic otitis media with effusion. The results of the study are discussed.