Potential Uses of Lead Isotope Ratios in Gunshot Cases

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Abstract
The determination of lead isotope ratios in 14 bullets, and in material taken from 9 hand swabs and 5 primers shows that there are potentially valuable forensic uses for such a method. While a more complete study is required, this method could possibly be used to prove (or disprove) relationships between bullets and manufacturers, weapons, or persons firing the weapons. Sample size requirements (1 ≧g or less) are such that damaged or fragmented bullets, or minute particles therefrom, may be used for the required analyses. An experiment showed that gunshot residue from a test-fired weapon was detectable even after washing the hands.

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