Dysfonctionnement myocardique et choc septique
Open Access
- 15 December 2004
- journal article
- research article
- Published by EDP Sciences in médecine/sciences
- Vol. 20 (12) , 1115-1118
- https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/200420121115
Abstract
Le profil hémodynamique du choc septique, influencé par de multiples variations physiologiques induites par l’infection, est caractérisé par l’association à des degrés variables de composantes hypovolémique, obstructive, cardiogénique, distributive ou cytotoxique. Ce profil est modifié par la restauration volémique, mais la persistance d’une hypotension signe le choc septique. Même si le débit cardiaque semble normal, voire élevé, des arguments solides témoignent d’une altération des propriétés contractiles du myocarde. Si le dysfonctionnement purement myocardique est rarement la cause directe du décès, il peut largement y contribuer. Faute d’une connaissance suffisante des phénomènes qui concourent à son développement, l’utilisation de substances visant à le corriger peut parfois s’avérer délétère. Une intégration plus précise de la physiopathologie du dysfonctionnement myocardique au cours du choc septique devrait permettre d’améliorer sa prise en charge. Myocardial dysfunction frequently accompanies severe sepsis and septic shock. It is now clear that such a myocardial depression, as evidenced by biventricular alteration, is present during the early phase of sepsis in most patients. Myocardial depression exists despite a fluid loading-dependent hyperdynamic state and usually recovers within 7 to 10 days in survivors. Myocardial dysfunction does not appear to be due to irreversible structural abnormalities nor to myocardial hypoperfusion, but rather linked to many circulating mediators including cytokines. At a cellular level, reduced myocardial contractility could be related in part to apoptosis and induced by both nitric oxide-dependent and nitric oxide-independent mechanisms. However, whatever the mechanism involved, it leads to calcium homeostasis abnormality. The present review describes both the diagnosis procedure and the molecular and cellular pathways of sepsis-induced myocardial depression.Keywords
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