Interleukin 1 potentiates the lethal effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha/cachectin in mice.

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Abstract
Human rIL-1.alpha. and human rIL-1.beta. were examined for their ability to potentiate the lethal and hypothermic effects of mouse rTNF-.alpha. in mice. The LD50 of rTNF-.alpha. was 1.5 .mu.g/mouse, whereas the LD50 of rTNF-.alpha.was reduced to 0.4 .mu.g/mouse and 0.5 .mu.g/mouse when rTNF-.alpha. was administered in combination with a nonlethal dose of rIL-1.alpha. or rIL-1.beta., respectively. A similar rTNF-.alpha. enhancing effect of the rIL-1 was observed on the temperature response. The results show that the rIL-1 markedly potentiate the effects of rTNF-.alpha. on lethality and temperature in mice, and support our suggestion that TNF-.alpha. and IL-1 may have synergistic lethal effect in human septic shock.

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