Excitation of surface plasmons at aSiO2∕Aginterface by silicon quantum dots: Experiment and theory

The excitation of surface plasmons (SPs) by optically excited silicon quantum dots (QDs) located near a Ag interface is studied both experimentally and theoretically for different QD-interface separations. The Si QDs are formed in the near-surface region of an $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_2$ substrate by Si ion implantation and thermal annealing. Photoluminescence decay-rate distributions, as derived from an inverse Laplace transform of the measured decay trace, are determined for samples with and without a Ag cover layer. For the smallest, investigated Si-QDs-to-interface distance of $44\mathrm{nm}$ the average decay rate at $\lambda =750\mathrm{nm}$ is enhanced by 80% due to the proximity of the Ag-glass interface, with respect to an air-glass interface. Calculations based on a classical dipole oscillator model show that the observed decay rate enhancement is mainly due to the excitation of surface plasmons that are on the $\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_2∕\mathrm{Ag}$ interface. By comparing the model calculations to the experimental data, it is determined that Si QDs have a very high internal emission quantum efficiency of $(77\pm 17)\%$. At this distance they can excite surface plasmons at a rate of $(1.1\pm 0.2)\times {10}^4{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$. From the model it is also predicted that by using thin metal films the excitation of surface plasmons by Si QDs can be further enhanced. Si QDs are found to preferentially excite symmetric thin-film surface plasmons.