Exposure to West Nile Virus during the 2002 Epidemic in Cuyahoga County, Ohio: A Comparison of Pediatric and Adult Behaviors

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Abstract
Objectives.: Emerging evidence suggests that children are at higher risk for West Nile virus (WNV) exposure, but may have a lower risk for infection-related morbidity and mortality. Limited data exist regarding risk determinants of childhood WNV infection. We conducted a survey to analyze the differences between pediatric and adult behavior relevant to WNV exposure. Methods.: Residents of participating sampled households responded to a questionnaire that measured knowledge, attitudes, personal protective behaviors, and clinical history to evaluate the association between personal behavior and exposure to WNV. Results.: Children were more likely to have high levels of outdoor exposure compared to adults (83% vs. 70%). Children were less likely to avoid going outdoors (4% vs. 13%) and to wear long sleeves or pants compared to adults (8% vs. 19%). Both groups were highly educated about WNV. Television, not health-care provider education, was the most common source of WNV information. Participants were more concerned about WNV infection than pesticide usage. Conclusions.: Our study demonstrates that children exhibit behaviors that could put them at greater risk for WNV infection and suggests that children could benefit from greater education about practices that can decrease WNV exposure to limit their risk for infection.