Selection of higher regenerative callus and change in isozyme pattern in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

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Abstract
Calli were initiated from seedling roots in rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Tadukan) and subcultured at 45-day intervals on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l 2,4-D. Sectors of callus which differentiated shoot meristems (green spots) under the same 2,4-D concentration were selected from the calli subcultured 90 days after initiation. The selection was continued for about 2 years. Responses to 2,4-D between original and selected lines differed considerably, although differentiation was not generally seen in rice callus in the presence of 2 mg/l 2,4-D. After 180 days, calli of the selected line differentiated into numerous shoot-bud primordia and grew out new callus tissues under 2 mg/l 2,4-D concentration; the frequency of the differentiation exceeded 90%. On the other hand, no calli of non-selected line differentiated into shootbuds under 2 mg/l 2,4-D, and the frequency of the shootbud was only about 50% under lower 2,4-D concentration (0.1 mg/l). The pattern and activity of peroxidase isozyme varied markedly between calli of the selected and non-selected lines. First, two strong peroxidase bands which show fast mobility and one intermediate peroxidase band with slow mobility were detected only in the calli of selected line. Secondly, changes in band pattern of proteins separated by SDS-PAGE were observed. In the calli of selected line, there was a loss of the polypeptide bands with molecular weight of 24 and 42 K in the selected calli, but they were clearly present in the unselected line. The appearance of new peroxidase isozyme bands and loss of polypeptide bands, change in response to auxin and increased ability for shoot bud differentiation are closely correlated to each other.