Survival of the Salmonid Viruses Infectious Hematopoietic Necrosis (IHNV) and Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis (IPNV) in Ozonated, Chlorinated, and Untreated Waters

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Abstract
Ozone and chlorine inactivation curves were determined in 3 water types in 10.degree. C for the fish pathogenic viruses IHNV and IPNV. In phosphate-buffered, distilled water (PBDW) an ozone dose of 0.01 mg/l for 30 or 60 s inactivated IHNV or IPNV, respectively, suspended at a tissue culture 50% infective dose (TCID50) of 104-105/ml [on fish cells]. In hard (120 mg/l as CaCO3) and soft water (30 mg/l) lake waters, an ozone application rate of 70 mg .cntdot. h-1 .cntdot. l-1 for 10 min destroyed IHNV. IPNV inactivation in hard water required 90 mg O3 .cntdot. h-1 .cntdot. l-1 for 10 min but only a 30 s contact time in soft water. The IPNV was also somewhat more resistant to chlorine. In PBDW, a residual of 0.1 mg/l with contact times of 30 and 60 s, respectively, destroyed IHNV and IPNV. In soft lake water IHNV was destroyed within 5 min at 0.5 mg/l, while in hard water a 10 min contact time was required. For IPNV disinfection in soft water, 0.2 mg/l for 10 min was sufficient but this chlorine residual had essentially no effect on IPNV in hard water. Increasing this dose to 0.7 mg/l destroyed IPNV in hard water within 2 min. In untreated waters, IPNV was stable for at least 8 wk in either distilled, soft, or hard lake waters. IHNV survived only about 2 wk in distilled and 7 wk in the soft or hard lake waters. Ozones may thus be used as a fish disease control agent.
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