Relative importance of venous and arterial resistances in controlling venous return and cardiac output

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Abstract
In dogs with cardiovascular reflexes completely blocked by total spinal anesthesia, the total peripheral resistance was increased five- or more fold in two ways: first, by injecting small plastic microspheres into the arteries, thereby increasing the arterial resistance, and, second, by inflating pneumatic cuffs around the major veins, thereby increasing venous resistance. A small increase in venous resistance decreased cardiac output eight times as much as an increase in arterial resistance of similar magnitude. This difference was caused principally by a) a marked rise in systemic arterial pressure when arterial resistance was increased; this maintained the cardiac output at almost normal levels and b) a fall in systemic arterial pressure when venous resistance was increased; this promoted even more fall in cardiac output than increased total peripheral resistance alone would have caused.

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