Comparison of drug effects on approach, avoidance, and escape motivation.

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Abstract
Three groups of 8 albino rats were trained to run down the same straight alley at approximately the same speed during placebo tests, with 1 group approching food, the 2nd avoiding a strong shock, and the 3rd escaping a weaker shock. Running speed was decreased by 4 depressants (chlorpromazine, amobarbital, alcohol, and chlordiazepoxide) and increased by 2 stimulants (methamphetamine and caffeine), with tests under 3 dosages of each drug. Under amobarbital, the Avoidance group decreased most and the Approach group decreased least in speed; under morphine, the Escape group was above the 2 others. During 6 masses trials per day, the Avoidance group when under amobarbital greatly increased and the Approach group when under chlorpromazine greatly decreased in speed.

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