Principles of Optical Fibre Sensors and Instrumentation

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Abstract
An overview of optical fibre sensors and instrumentation is presented. Sensors can be divided into two types: continuous transducers in which light is modulated along the whole length of the fibre, and point transducers which are sensitive to an external variable at a single point. Optical effects in fibres are considered for the six types of physical perturbations: mechanical, electrical, magnetic, thermal, radiation and chemical perturbations. Instrumentation systems for fibre sensors may be categorised according to the way in which the light is modulated: Phase, amplitude, wavelength, polarisation, time-resolved or time varying modulation. These instrumentation schemes are compared for sensitivity and performance and numerous examples of practical sensors are cited for each category.