The Effect of Burn Wound Size on Ureagenesis and Nitrogen Balance

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Abstract
Hypermetabolic burn patients are frequently in negative nitrogen balance despite provision of estimated caloric needs. Thermally injured adult patients (18) were studied to evaluate the relationship of burn wound size to urea production and nitrogen balance. Data from 147 patient-days when the patients received 100 .+-. 25% of their estimated caloric needs. Three significantly different burn size groups (by body surface area [BSA]) were identified by calculation of the catabolic index (CI): group 1, 0-10% BSA (CI = -0.1); group 2, 11-30% BSA (CI = 6.4) and group 3, 31-60% BSA (CI = 10.5). The urine urea nitrogen (UUN) for groups 1, 2 and 3 was 11.1, 18.9 and 25.3 gm/day, and nitrogen balance was 1.0, -3.9 and -5.8 gm/day, respectively. When nitrogen was given in a calorie:nitrogen ratio of 150:1, only those patients in group 1 were able to achieve positive balance. Large burn wounds are associated with increased ureagenesis and impaired nitrogen retention. The protein intake, at the customary calorie:nitrogen ratio of 150:1, may not provide adequate nitrogen to achieve equilibrium, even when energy demands were met, in patients with burn wounds > than 10% BSA.