Epidemiology and Causes of Death among Children in a Rural Area of Bangladesh

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Abstract
Chen L C (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, GPO Box ) 28, Decca 2, Bangladesh), Rahman M and Sarder A M Epidemiology and causes of death among children in a rural area of Bangladesh. International Journal of Epidemiology 1980, 9: 25–33. From a longitudinal surveilance programme among a rural Bangladesh population of 260 000, the epidemiology and causes of child death (under age 5) over 3 years (1975–1977) were analyzed. The most significant causes of death were diarrhoea (watery and dysentery), tetenus, measles, fever, respiratory disease, drowning, skin disease, and other causes. Of an infant mortality rate of 142.6/1000 live births, neunatal tetanus (37.4/1000), diarrhoea (19.6/1000), and respiratory disease (10.4/1000) were the most significant identifiable causes. Many infant deaths (62.2/1000) were unidentified, taking place during the neonatal (1–28 days) period. The 1–4 year mortality averaged 34.3/1000. Diarrhoea (15.1/1000), measles (4.5/1000), fever (2.9/1000) and respiratory disease (1.6/1000) accounted for most 1–4 year deaths. Mortality trends over the past 10 years showed sharp temporary fluctations in response to 2 disasters but no definitive long-term trend. Most causes of death displayed seasonal fluctation, and sex differentials were marked with female deaths exceeding male deaths for all ages after the neonatal period. Malnourished children from low socioeconomic status families had higher mortality rates than their better nourished and weather counterparts. Overall, the date suggest that the delivery of a few basic health measures (oral hydration and immunization) could result in substantial reduction of under 5 mortality.