Association of Verticicladiellaprocera and Leptographiumterrebrantis with insects in the Lake States

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Abstract
V. procera Kendrick was isolated from damage associated with Dendroctonus valens Lec., Hylobius radicis Buch., H. rhizophagus M.B.W. Hylobius pales (Herbst) and Pachylobius picivorus (Germ.) on pines in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan. The fungus was also isolated from surface-sterilized adult D. valens, H. radicis, H. pales and P. picivorus. L. terrebrantis Barras and Perry was isolated from the galleries of D. valens on trees stressed by fire, flooding, windthrow and tissue attacked by H. radicis or H. rhizophagus. V. procera was not pathogenic on white pine seedlings whereas L. terrebrantis killed 70% of seedlings inoculated. V. procera apparently is weakly pathogenic and is associated with primary (H. radicis and H. rhizophagus) and secondary (P. picivorus, D. valens, H. pales) forest insects in the north central USA. L. terrebrantis was more virulent than V. procera and was associated with a secondary bark beetle which commonly attacks stressed trees.