On the body outgrowths and the phenomenon of ‘sweating’ in the nymphal instars of Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)

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Abstract
The nymphal instars of the summer species of Tingidae [Tingis buddleae] possess body outgrowths morphologically different from those of winter forms. The peak population of the summer species coincides with the onset and progress of monsoon. Histological studies of the body outgrowths of the nymphal instars of these 2 forms reveal that summer forms bear special sub-hypodermal globule-secreting cells that exhibit differential secretory activity during the stadial period. The secretion in the form of fine globules that accumulate in the subcuticular space on the dorsal surface, is exuded as sticky globules through the globulated spines, giving the dorsal surface of these instars the appearance of sweating. These globule-secreting cells are probably osmoregulatory.