Lateral Pressure Profiles in Lipid Membranes: Dependence on Molecular Composition

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Abstract
The lateral pressure profile is one of the central quantities of lipid membranes, as it governs membrane elasticity and consequently the activation of certain membrane protein types such as mechanosensitive channels. Nonetheless, the understanding of the dependence of the pressure profile on molecular membrane composition is limited. In this review, we discuss the present understanding of pressure profiles in model membranes, discussing data from both computational and experimental approaches that have dealt with this complex physical observable. We consider pressure profiles in both single- and many-component lipid membranes, paying attention to effects due to polyunsaturated lipids, sterols, and anesthetics. The role of the pressure profile in membrane elasticity and membrane protein activation is given particular attention.