The effect of oral propranolol upon the ECG changes occurring in subarachnoid haemorrhage

Abstract
The effect of oral propranolol on the abnormal ECGs of six cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) was investigated. The P wave peaking seen in three of the six cases was abolished. The short P-R interval observed in three of the six cases was lengthened, one markedly so, and seemed independent of changes in heart rate. T wave flattening seen in one case was abolished, while T wave inversion seen in one other was unaffected. T wave peaking seen in one case was increased with propranolol, but abolished by atropine. Tall U waves seen in two cases were diminished in amplitude and the Q-Tc (which was abnormally long in four) was shortened in all cases. Propranolol had no effect on the pathological Q waves which appeared in one case. It was concluded that these findings support the suggestion that P wave peaking, a short P-R interval, tall U waves and a long Q-Tc, often seen in ECGs of cases with SAH, are catecholamine-induced. Interplay between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity occurs in SAH with T wave peaking resulting from increased vagal tone. Catecholamine-induced cardiotoxic effects can cause ECG patterns mimicking myocardial infarction and may, in some cases, contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. There is thus a need for a controlled blind trial of prophylactic oral propranolol in SAH.