Abstract
This paper describes two efficient distributed transaction commit protocols, the Presumed Abort (PA) and Presumed Commit (PC) protocols, which have been implemented in the distributed data base system R* [DSHLM82, LHMWY83]. PA and PC are extensions of the well-known two-phase (2P) commit protocol [Gray78, Lamp80, LSGGL80]. PA is optimized for read-only transactions and a class of multi-site update transactions, and PC is optimized for other classes of multi-site update transactions. The optimizations result in reduced inter-site message traffic and log writes, and, consequently, a better response time for such transactions. We derive the new protocols in a step-wise fashion by modifying the 2P protocol.

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