Verbal behavior and problem solving: Some effects of labeling in a functional fixedness problem.

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Abstract
3 differently labeled illustrations of Duncker's candle problem were exposed to Ss as they worked on that problem. In the 1st of 3 experiments, the picture which elicited the name of the functionally fixed object also elicited correct initial solutions in a verbal form of the problem. In Exp. II and III, Ss were given manipulative forms of the same problem. Time to achieve criterion solution, choice of initial solution object, and within-group variability were each a function of the labeling procedures. The functional fixedness effect in the problem used was attributed to the inability of Ss to respond specifically to the functionally fixed object, either in terms of labeling or attending. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)

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