The State of Groundfish Resources off the Northeastern United States

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Abstract
From the early 1960s to 1977, fishing vessels from 13 nations fished heavily off the northeastern United States. Landings of principal groundfish species rose to 780,000 tonnes in 1965 and abundance declined rapidly. Most species of groundfish were being underfished by the United States. With the passage of the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act in 1976, fishing by foreign nationals stopped and fishing effort by the United States increased. The number of days fished by otter trawlers steadily increased into the mid-1980s before tapering off. Fishing technnology improved and the effective fishing effort continued to go up even though the number of days at sea did not. Landings rose with effort until 1983 and then fell dramatically. Groundfish abundance declined steadily after 1978 for the next decade. By 1990–1992, fishing mortality rates for the three major groundfish species (cod, haddock, yellowtail flounder) were twice as great as the management targets. Overall groundfish landin...

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