On the Sandstones and their associated Deposits in the Vale of the Eden, the Cumberland Plain, and the South-east of Dumfriesshire

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Abstract
§ 1. This memoir refers to an area which commences a little south of Kirkby Stephen, in Westmoreland, and extends N.N.W. for 50 miles, reaching the lower portions of the valleys of the Esk and Annan in Dumfriesshire. In an east and west direction, this area varies greatly in breadth; but, measured from Castle Carrock on the east, to the sea at Allenby on the west, the extent is about 30 miles. It occupies the whole of the Cumberland plain, except a small portion of the parish of Aikton; and, in Westmoreland, it occurs on both sides of the Vale of the Eden. The district under consideration exceeds 800 square miles. The strata which occur in this area consist of sandstones of two distinct positions and characters, separated from each other by a well-developed series of shaly beds, in some localities containing a considerable amount of gypsum; and calcareous layers are also sometimes found associated with the shaly deposits. The arenaceous strata of Cumberland and Westmoreland have already attracted the attention of geologists. Those contiguous to the Penine chain are referred to by Dr. Buckland *. Those of the western side of the area have been alluded to by Prof. Sedgwick, and their boundaries in this portion of the north of England have been defined †. These deposits, as they occur at Kirkby Stephen, have been noticed by Prof. Phillips ‡. Mr. Binney has also described the nature and age of some of these deposits in his memoir "On the

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