Subdural Hematoma, Subdural Hygroma and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Among Infants and Children

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Abstract
A review of 47 cases of subdural hematoma, subdural hygroma, and subarachnoid hemorrhages encountered at the Mayo Clinic showed that the symptoms and signs consisted predominantly of retinal hemorrhage, palsy of the 3d (oculomotor) or 6th (abducens) cranial nerve, convulsions, vomiting, spasticity, paralysis, enlarging head, stupor, and irritability. Trauma seemed to be the chief cause, being recorded among 49% of the cases. Seven of the 47 patients died; 13 had residual physical defects ranging from severe to mild, and 25 (53.2%) made complete recoveries. The procedure of choice in treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhages appears to be repeated spinal taps, rest in bed, and observation. The recommended treatment of subdural hematoma and hygroma is initially repeated aspiration of the contents of the subdural space, followed by trephine evacuation of the hematoma or hygroma when the clinical condition warrants, and latter by craniot-omy and removal of the membranes.

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