A site‐by‐site follow‐up study on the effect of controlled versus poorly controlled insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

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Abstract
In the present site‐by‐site follow‐up study, the change in amount of approximal alveolar bone was assessed after 1 year from the baseline examination in 38 and after 2 years in 22 dentate subjects all with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. The diabetics, aged 35 lo 56 years at baseline, had a history of a mean duration of 18 years of insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus and were under medical treatment at the outpatient clinic of the III Department of Medicine, University Central Hospital of Helsinki as well as at 2 diabetic clinics of the Helsinki Health Centre. Based upon their Song‐term medical records, 26 subjects were after 1 year, and 16 subjects after 2 years from the baseline, identified as having poorly controlled insulin‐dependent diabetes (PIDD). At the 1‐year examination, 12 subjects were classified as having controlled insulin‐dependent diabetes (CIDD) as compared to 6 subjects at the 2‐year examination. After 1 and 2 years, from baseline, site‐by‐site measurements were recorded for plaque index scores, bleeding after probing, loss of attachment, and radiographic loss of alveolar bone. After 1 and 1 years from baseline, the PIDD subjects exhibited higher mean %s of sites with improved bleeding scores (p < 0.01, x3‐test) than the CIDD subjects. At the 2‐year examination, the mean % of sites with loss of approximal alveolar bone was greater in the PIDD than in the CIDD group (P < 0.05, X3‐test). The greatest differences between PIDD and CIDD subjects were found when recordings for only canines were analyzed at the 1 ‐ and 2‐year examinations (pX2‐test). The results of our current 2–year longitudinal site‐by‐site examinations confirm earlier, results that poorly controlled insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus is strongly related to the amount of alveolar bone loss.