Effect of Depth and Duration of Seed Burial on Kochia (Kochia scoparia)

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Abstract
Dormant and nondormant kochia [Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. ♯3 KCHSC] seed populations were buried at six soil depths in Colorado. Portions of both populations remained viable for 36 months. Persistence increased with burial depth in both populations. Seed loss from the initially dormant population was limited to germination in situ, but seed loss from the initially nondormant population included significant viability loss at burial depths of 10 cm or less. Persistence of both populations was regulated by dormancy retention. Shallow tillage practices are predicted to decrease seed persistence in soil and increase successful seedling emergence. Deep tillage practices are predicted to reduce seedling emergence but increase soil seed populations.