Formation and regeneration of protoplasts from the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor

Abstract
Protoplasts were released from dikaryotic mycelium of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor using the lytic enzyme preparation NovoZyme 234. Protoplast release depended strongly on mycelium age, osmotic stabilizer, and temperature. The protoplasts could regenerate to form both monokaryotic and dikaryotic cultures capable of forming normal ectomycorrhizae with Pinus banksiana.