Abstract
The effects of time of sowing, lime and fertilizer, ground cover, grazing and use of paraquat on the establishment of oversown grasses and clovers were investigated in a series of trials located throughout Otago. Competition from existing herbage had a marked effect on grass establishment, and hence on dense swards those treatments which reduced competition, namely, close grazing and use of paraquat, aided survival. Lime increased grass survival but high phosphate and nitrogen failed to improve establishment in most cases; clover establishment was generally aided by high phosphate but not by lime or nitrogen.

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