CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ACOUSTIC SIGNALS IN NINE SPECIES OF CICADAS (HOMOPTERA, CICADIDAE)

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Abstract
Detailed descriptions of the acoustic signals of European cicadas are available only for a few species. In this paper the acoustic signals and biomechanics of the timbals in nine species of cicadas from Portugal have been examined. Those species are Cicada barbara lusitanica (Boulard, 1982), C. orni (Linnaeus, 1758), Tettigetta argentata (Olivier, 1790), T. atra (Gomez-Menor, 1957), T. estrellae (Boulard, 1982), T.josei (Boulard, 1982), Tibicina quadrisignata (Hagen, 1855), Tympanistalna gastrica (Stal, 1854), and one unidentified species of Tettigetta. A qualitative and quantitative description of the sound is given in the time domain and the frequency domain. An acoustic male-to-male interaction signal that ceases the courtship was identified in C. barbara lusitanica. Some evolutionary aspects related to the biomechanics of the timbals and to the sounds produced are discussed.