Amino acid side chain conformation in angiotensin II and analogs: Correlated results of circular dichroism and 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance

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Abstract
[1-Sarcosine,8-isoleucine]angiotensin II (Sar-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Ile) has been shown to be a potent antagonist of the pressor action of angiotensin II. With a view to increase half-life in vivo of this peptide, the amino acid residue at position 4 (tyrosine) or position 5 (isoleucine) was replaced with the corresponding N -methylated residue. This change drastically reduced the antagonistic properties of this analog. The present work was therefore undertaken to investigate the effect of N -methylation on overall conformation of these peptides and to determine the conformational requirements for maximum agonistic or antagonistic properties. Conformation studies were carried out by circular dichroism and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in aqueous solution as a function of pH. The results indicated that: ( i ) angiotensin II and [1-sarcosine,8-isoleucine]angiotensin II gave practically identical spectroscopic data; and ( ii ) N -methylation in either position 4 or position 5 resulted in remarkable changes in the peptide backbone and a severe limitation in rotational freedom of side chains in tyrosine, isoleucine, and histidine residues. However, rotational restriction of the tyrosine side chain was found to be less pronounced in [1-sarcosine,4- N -methyltyrosine,8-isoleucine]angiotensin II than in [1-sarcosine,5- N -methylisoleucine,8-isoleucine]angiotensin II. Thus, these results suggest that: ( i ) the backbone and side chain structure of a potent angiotensin II antagonist should resemble that of the hormone, angiotensin II, so that it can mimic the hormone in recognizing and binding with the receptor on the cell membrane; and ( ii ) greater impact of N -methylation in position 5 on the overall conformation of these peptides points to the controlling influence of position 5 (isoleucine) in aligning the residues in the central segment (tyrosine-isoleucine-histidine) of angiotensin II and its potent agonist and antagonist analogs in a nearly extended structure. Any change in this arrangement may lead to reduced biological activity.