Possibility of selection of chondrogenic progenitor cells by telomere length in FGF‐2‐expanded mesenchymal stromal cells

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Abstract
Telomere length plays an important role in regulating the proliferative capacity of cells, and serves as a marker for cell cycle history and also for their remaining replicative potential. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are known to be a significant cell source for therapeutic intervention and tissue engineering. To investigate any possible limitations in the replicative potential and chondrogenic differentiation potential of fibroblast growth factor-2-expanded MSCs (FGF(+)MSC), these cells were differentiated at various population doublings (PDs), and telomere length and telomerase activity were measured before and after differentiation. FGF(+)MSC cultured at a relatively low density maintained proliferation capability past more than 80 PD and maintained chondrogenic differentiation potential up to at least 46 PD and long telomeres up to 105 PD, despite expressing low levels of telomerase activity. Interestingly, upon chondrogenic differentiation of these cells, telomeres showed a remarkable reduction in length. This shortening was more extensive when FGF(+)MSC of higher PD levels were differentiated. These findings suggest that telomere length may be a useful genetic marker for chondrogenic progenitor cells.