Changes in body weight, body composition, and energy intake in women fed high- and low-fat diets

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Abstract
The effects of a 20%-fat diet (LF) on total body weight, lean body weight, and adiposity were studied in 18 premenopausal women with body mass index (BMI) of 18-44. Subjects were fed a 37%-fat (HF) control diet for 4 wk followed by the LF diet for 20 wk. Total body weight, lean body weight, and fat weight were measured at the end of the HF and LF dietary periods by hydrostatic weighing. Despite adjustments in energy intake to maintain weight throughout the study, subjects exhibited a 2.8% decrease in total body weight (P < 0.0006), an 11.3% decrease in fat weight (P < 0.0001), and a 2.2% increase in lean body weight (P < 0.0149) by the end of the LF period. Similar changes were observed in obese (BMI > 30) and nonobese women (BMI < 30). By the end of the LF period, energy intake had increased significantly in comparison with the HF diet (119% of the HF intake, P < 0.0001 ). Results could not be explained by changes in daily activity levels and suggest that macronutrient composition plays a role in energy requirements for weight maintenance.