Lateral geniculate relay of slowly conducting retinal afferents to cat visual cortex.

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Abstract
1. Lateral geniculate neurones of the cat were studied in terms of the latency for activation by local electrical stimulation of the retina, the latency of electrical activation from the visual cortex and properties of receptive fields. Most of the units were relay cells (antidromic activation from visual cortex) but a small proportion were trans-synaptically activated from the cortex. The latter group included units with on-off, on-centre or off-centra receptive fields. 2. Direct activation of lateral geniculate neurones from local electrical stimulation of retinal ganglion cells or their axons in the retina was identified by the sharpness of timing of the elicited impulses. This procedure revealed the existence of slowly conducting axons relaying in the lateral geniculate nucleus. 3. The distribution of latencies for direct activation from the retina was bimodal with an extended tail of long values. It is similar to the distribution of antidromic latencies of retinal ganglion cells following stimulation of the optic tract. 4. There was a tendency for geniculate neurones with fast input from the retina to have fast axons to the visual cortex and correspondingly for medium-speed and slow input. 5. The previous classification of geniculate receptive fields into sustained and transient types was extended to include commonly encountered 'brisk' and uncommonly encountered 'sluggish' varieties of each. The extension was based on visual properties and latency for direct electrical activation from the retina. Units with receptive fields differing from the familiar on-centre or off-centre concentric pattern were encountered rarely; they included colour-coded fields, local-edge-detectors and one edge-inhibitory off-centre type.