Allelopathic Effects of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) on Seedling Growth

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Abstract
Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. # AMAPA) residue was incorporated into soil to determine its allelopathic effects on the seedling growth of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench.), cabbage (Brassica oleracea, var. capitata L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), and onion (Allium cepa L.). Root and shoot growths were equally sensitive to the toxic effects of soil-incorporated Palmer amaranth. Growth of ‘Grand Slam’ cultivar of cabbage was 17 to 30% more sensitive than the growth of 'Sanibel’ cabbage. Growth of onion and carrot seedlings was less inhibited than either cabbage or grain sorghum. Growth of grain sorghum root was severely inhibited by 8000 and 16 000 ppm of Palmer amaranth in soil and was not affected by oven dryings other than lyophilization. Seedling growth was more severely inhibited by thyrsus and leaf tissues than by stem and root tissues of Palmer amaranth.