Sequelae of Syndrome X in Children Born Small for Gestational Age

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Abstract
Objective: Low birth weight is associated with the presence of syndrome X in adults. We studied the components of this syndrome in prepubertal children born SGA (small for gestational age) and children born AGA (appropriate for gestational age). Methods: Twenty-nine SGA children, age (mean ± SD) 9.1 ± 1.1 years and 24 AGA children, age 9.0 ± 1.1 years were studied. Fasting serum lipid concentrations were determined. A hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp was performed to measure insulin sensitivity. Ambulatory monitoring was performed to obtain 24-hour recordings of blood pressure. Results: Prepubertal SGA children are less insulin sensitive and have a higher nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP) after correction for BMI than children born AGA. No differences were found in lipid concentrations between the 2 groups. Conclusions: Not all components of syndrome X can yet be found in 9-year-old children born SGA; follow-up of this cohort is required.