Recommendations for Monitoring and Evaluating Vitamin A Programs: Outcome Indicators

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Abstract
Monitoring and evaluation are essential components of vitamin A intervention programs. They enable program managers to track progress in achieving their goals. Recommendations for outcome indicators are based on suggestions from the International Vitamin A Consultative Group Meeting (IVACG) workshop in late October 2000 in Annecy, France, followed by a pre-XX IVACG meeting in Hanoi, Vietnam. In areas with detectable xerophthalmia or eye signs, a fall in the prevalence of Bitot's spots to 2. For biochemical indices, the shift of mean or median values or the frequency distribution of preschool children with serum retinol concentration below 0.70 μmol (20 μg/dL), lactating mothers with breast milk retinol values below 0.70 μmol (6 μg per g of milk fat) or below 1.05 μmol (8 μg per g of milk fat) are useful to monitor program progress.