CRYO-ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF VITRIFIED WATER

Abstract
Liquid water can easily be vitrified in a form suitable for cryo-electron microscopical observations. Cubic ice can be formed by rapid cooling of the liquid. As judged by a comparison of the electron diffractograms, by the determination of the crystallization temperature and by density measurements, vitrified water obtained by cooling the liquid appears identical to solid amorphous water (H2Oas) obtained by vapour condensation. Ice is resistant to the electron beam above Ca. 70 K but below this temperature, for an irradiation of some hundreds of electrons per nm2, it is transformed into an amorphous substance, similar to vitrified water

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