Quantum spin ladders atT=0 and at high temperatures studied by series expansions

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Abstract
We have carried out extensive series studies, at T=0 and at high temperatures, of two-chain and three-chain spin-half ladder systems with antiferromagnetic intrachain and both antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic interchain couplings. Our results confirm the existence of a gap in the two-chain Heisenberg ladders for all nonzero values of the interchain couplings. Complete dispersion relations for the spin-wave excitations are computed. For three-chain systems, our results are consistent with a gapless spectrum. We also calculate the uniform magnetic susceptibility and specific heat as a function of temperature. We find that as T→0, for the two-chain system the uniform susceptibility goes rapidly to zero, whereas for the three-chain system it approaches a finite value. These results are compared in detail with previous studies of finite systems. © 1996 The American Physical Society.
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