Reduced use of intensive care after liver transplantation: Influence of early extubation

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Abstract
Postoperative ventilation and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) is the standard of care in liver transplantation and comprises a significant proportion of transplantation costs. Because immediate postoperative extubation has been reported previously in a selected group of liver transplant recipients, we questioned whether this protocol could be extended to a larger group of patients. We also sought to determine the proportion of patients extubated immediately after surgery that could be transferred to the surgical ward without intervening ICU care. Of 147 patients studied in a prospective trial of sequential liver transplant recipients (who were not second-transplant recipients, United Network for Organ Sharing status 1, living donor transplant recipients, or dead before the end of surgery), 13 patients did not meet postsurgical criteria for early extubation and 111 patients were successfully extubated. Eighty-three extubated patients were transferred to the surgical ward after a routine admission to the postoperative care unit. Only 3 patients who were transferred to the surgical ward experienced complications that required a greater intensity of nursing care. A learning curve detected during the 3-year study period showed that attempts to extubate increased from 73% to 96% and triage to the surgical ward increased from 52% to 82% without compromising patient safety. The use of this protocol in our institution resulted in a 1-day reduction in ICU use in 75.5% of study subjects. We therefore conclude that the majority of liver transplant recipients can be extubated safely and admitted to the surgical ward after liver transplantation surgery, thus decreasing the cost associated with ICU care.