Allergenic and Anaphylactogenic Properties of Vaccines Prepared from Embryonic Tissues of Developing Chicks

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Abstract
Summary: The anaphylactogenic properties of 5 typhus-yolk-sac vaccines and one equine encephalomyelitic entire-embryo vaccine were investigated by gross anaphylaxis in guinea-pigs and by the Schultz-Dale reactions on excised smooth muscles from sensitized animals. The typhus-vaccines were shown to be capable of fatally sensitizing guinea-pigs with minimal doses ranging from 0.004 to 0.008 ml and containing 1.2 to 3.1 μg of protein-nitrogen. The equine encephalomyelitic vaccine sensitized in doses as low as 0.001 ml, containing 1.6 μg protein-nitrogen. The sensitizing capacities of these two types of vaccines, on a protein-nitrogen basis, were about one-half that of egg-white. A suspension of purified, formalized rickettsial bodies was shown to contain some egg-protein but in much smaller concentration than in the typhus-vaccines. Antibodies induced in uterine muscle by sensitization of guinea-pigs with either the yolk-sac vaccines or the entire-embryo vaccine were identified with those induced by antigens of fresh egg and principally with antigens of egg-white. Precipitin-reactions indicated that about 12 per cent of the protein-nitrogen of typhus-vaccine and about 0.4 per cent of the protein-nitrogen of equine encephalomyelitic vaccine was attributable to crystallizable ovalbumin. It was concluded that antigens of egg-white, other than ovalbumin, and antigens of egg-yolk also contributed to the sensitizing properties of the vaccines.

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