Isoantigenic expression of Forssman glycolipid in human gastric and colonic mucosa: Its possible identity with “A-like antigen” in human cancer

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Abstract
The heterogenetic Forssman antigen is a glycosphingolipid, a ceramide pentasaccharide with the structure GalNAc.alpha.1 .fwdarw. 3GalNAc.beta.1 .fwdarw. 3Gal.alpha.1 .fwdarw. 4Gal.beta.1 .fwdarw. 4Glc .fwdarw. ceramide. Forssman-positive animals are capable of synthesizing this compound in tissues or erythrocytes, in contrast to the Forssman-negative species, including humans, which are incapable of adding the last carbohydrate in the sequence of the Forssman antigen, namely .alpha.GalNAc. The Forssman glycolipid and its precursor globoside were examined in 21 samples of surgically extirpated gastrointestinal mucosa and tumors derived from there. The results revealed that a few patients had chemically and immunologically detectable levels of the Forssman glycolipid as a normal component of their gastrointestinal mucosa (F+ population). The majority of patients did not have this glycolipid in their normal mucosa (F- population). Whereas the F- population included blood groups A, B and O, the F+ population did not correspond to blood group A. The Forssman status in tumors taken from the F+ or F- population showed the following striking features: all tumors derived from F- mucosa possessed Forssman glycolipid, whereas none of the tumors originating in F+ mucosa contained Forssman glycolipid. Globoside, the immediate precursor of Forssman antigen, was distributed equally among F+ and F- mucosa and tumors derived from there. The expression of Forssman antigen in gastrointestinal mucosa appears akin to that of an isoantigen. The Forssman antigen that appears tumors of the F- population could represent a human tumor-associated antigen. In view of the strong cross reactivity of Forssman antigen with blood group A determinants, the appearance of Forssman antigen in human tumors could be related to the A-like antigen (or neo-A antigen) of human tumors reported previously.