Validation and ground truth for TRMM precipitation radar using the MU radar

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Abstract
SUMMARY The MU radar of Japan is one of important candidates for providing accurate ground truth for the TRMM precipitation radar. It can provide the dropsize distribution data together with the background atmo- spheric wind data with high accuracy and high spatial resolution. Special observation scheme developed for TRMM validation using the MU radar is described, and preliminary results from its test experiment are shown. The high-resolution MU radar data are also used in numerical simulations to validate the rain retrieval algorithm for the TRMM PR data analysis. Among known sources of errors in the rain retrieval, the vertical variability of the dropsize distribution and the partial beam-filling effect are examined in terms of their significance with numerical simulations based on the MU radar data. It is shown that these factors may seriously affect the accuracy of the TRMM rain retrieval, and that it is necessary to establish statistical means for compensation. However, suggested means to improve the con- ventional -adjustment method require careful treatment so that they do not introduce new sources of errors.