Coenzyme Q concentration and total antioxidant capacity of human milk at different stages of lactation in mothers of preterm and full-term infants

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Abstract
Coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) in human milk at different stages of maturity in mothers of preterm and full-term infants and its relation to the total antioxidant capacity of milk is described for the first time. Thirty healthy breastfeeding women provided colostrum, transition-milk and mature-milk samples. Coenzyme Q, alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocopherol, fatty acids and the total antioxidant capacity of the milk were analyzed. Coenzyme Q10 was found at higher concentrations for colostrum (0.81+/-0.06 vs. 0.50+/-0.05 micromol/l) and transition milk (0.75+/-0.06 vs. 0.45+/-0.05 micromol/l) in the full-term vs. the preterm group (similar results were found for total antioxidant capacity). Concentrations of alpha- and gamma-tocopherol were higher in the full-term group and decreased with time. In conclusion, CoQ10 is present in breast milk, with higher concentration in mothers of full-term infants. CoQ10 in breast milk decreases through lactation in mothers delivering full-term infants. Also, CoQ10, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol concentration in human milk directly correlates with the antioxidant capacity of the milk.