THE OXIDATION, IGNITION, AND DETONATION OF FUEL VAPORS AND GASES: XIII. THE 12:1 COMPRESSION RATIO PERFORMANCE OF THE C.F.R. SPARK IGNITION ENGINE USING TOWN GAS; COMPARISON WITH DIESEL ENGINES

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Abstract
The experiments described are part of a series being made to determine the factors which limit the power and efficiency of an Otto cycle spark ignition engine using Toronto town gas nearly free of sulphur. The air supply was unthrottled and power was varied by varying the gas supply. Mixture strength was "correct" at an air-to-gas ratio of 4:1. Trials were run with jacket coolant temperatures of 100°, 140°, 212°, and 295° F., the compression ratio being always 12:1 and the speed 900 r.p.m. A maximum indicated thermal efficiency of 43% was attained with coolant temperatures of 100° and 140° F. and an air-to-gas ratio of 8:1. Thermal efficiency diminished rapidly as air-to-gas ratio was increased and tended to become zero instead of the air standard value. The brake horsepower became zero for an air–gas ratio of approximately 11:1, the mixture strength being then 64% weak. Thus the engine was run at 900 r.p.m. from zero to full load, that is with 100% quality control. The maximum I.M.E.P. of 144 lb./sq. in. was obtained with a jacket coolant temperature of 100° F. The indicated thermal efficiency was then 36% and the mixture 10.7% rich. The performance of the Otto cycle engine could probably be improved by running at higher speeds but even at the relatively low speed of 900 r.p.m. for that type, it compared favorably in most respects with that of the compression ignition type of Diesel engine.

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