Anticonvulsant Action of Phenobarbital, Diazepam, Carbamazepine, and Diphenylhydantoin in the Electro shock Test in Mice After Lesion of Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells with Intracerebroventricular Kainic Acid
- 1 August 1982
- Vol. 23 (4) , 377-382
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1982.tb05423.x
Abstract
Summary: The electroshock test–taking hind limb tonic extension as the end point–was carried out on the fifth day after the intracerebroventricular injections of kainic acid (KA; 0.2 μg per mouse). The following antiepileptics were tested for the anticonvulsant effects both in naive and KA‐lesioned mice: phenobarbital (20 mg/kg), diazepam (8 mg/kg), carbamazepine (15 mg/kg) and diphenylhydantoin (10 mg/kg), all drugs being injected intraperitoneally 60 min before electroconvulsions. It was found that the protective effects of phenobarbital and diazepam were distinctly reduced in KA‐lesioned animals when compared to naive mice. However, both carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin protected KA‐injected and control animals to a similar degree. Further, intracerebroventricular injections of KA resulted in the substantial loss of pyramidal cells in the whole CA3 field of the hippocampus.It is suggested that the intact hippocampus is necessary for the development of the full anticonvulsant effects of phenobarbital and diazepam, whilst the site of action of carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin is independent of the hippocampus.RÉSUMÉ: Le test de l'électrochoc–en prenant l'extension tonique du train arriere comme valeur de référence– a été pratique 5 jours apres des injections intra‐ventriculaires cérébrales d'acide kai'nique (KA: 0.2 μg par souris). Les antiépileptiques suivants ont été testés pour leurs effets anticonvulsivants chez des souris intactes et chez des souris lésées par l'acide Kaïnique: phenobarbital (20 mg/k) diazepam (8 mg/k), carbama‐zepine (15 mg/k) et diphenylhydantoïne (10 mg/k), ces drogues etant injectees par voie intraperitoneale 60 m. avant l'électrochoc. L'effet protecteur du phénobarbital et celui du diazepam étaient nettement réduits chez les animaux intacts. Cependant, la carba‐mazepine et la diphenylhydantoine protégeaient les deux de la même manière. De plus, les injections intraventriculaires cérébrales de KA entraînaient une perte importante de cellules pyramidales dans toute la couche CA3 de l'hippocampe. Les auteurs suggèrent q'un hippocampe intact est nécessaire pour que le phénobarbital et le diazepam puissent exercer pleine‐ment leur effet anticonvulsivant alors que Faction de la carbamazepine et celle de la diphenylhydantoine s'exerceraient indépendamment de l'hippocame.RESUMEN: En el quinto día después de inyecciones intra‐cerebroventriculares de acido kaianico (KA; 0.2 μg por ratón) se practico un test de electroshock, to‐mando la extensión tónica de la extremidad posterior como indicador. Los efectos anticonvulsives de los siguientes fármacos antiepilépticos fueron examinados en ratones simples y en los lesionados con KA: fenobarbital (20 mg/kg), diazepán (8 mg/kg), carbamazepina (15 mg/kg), y difenilhidantoina (10 mg/kg). Todas las medicaciones se inyectaron intraperitoneal‐mente 60 min. antes de las electroconvulsiones. Se encontró que el efecto protector del fenobarbital y del diazepán estaban claramente reducidos en los animales KA‐lesionados comparándolos con los animales simples. Sin embargo, la carbamazepina y la difenilhidantoina protegieron a los animales KA‐inyectados y a los controles en el mismo grado. Además, las inyecciones intracerebroventriculares de KA produjeron una pérdida sustancial de las células piramidales en la totalidad del campo CA3 del hipocampo. Se sugiere que es necesario un hipocampo intacto para que se produzca un efecto anticonvulsiv‐ante completo con el fenobarbital y el diazepán mientras que el lugar de acción de la carbamazepina y la difenilhidantoina es independiente del hipocampo.Keywords
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